What is power factor
In brief, power factor is the result of the ratio between active power (the energy actually used in a machine or appliance) and apparent power (which indicates the sufficiency of the energy in question).
Importance of power factor
Power factor is used to measure if the electrical energy received is sufficient for daily needs, both personal and business. This data also helps determine if energy can be improved by correcting potential issues.
Knowing the power factor means greater safety and savings in the environment. This method can prevent machines and tools from burning out in industrial settings, as well as appliances in homes and apartments.
When to improve power factor
When it’s necessary to improve the power factor, the first step is to immediately reduce the consumption of so-called active energy. In this case, the property owner should request a reduction in the supply of this type of energy directly with the responsible utility company. Effective maintenance is also advisable to check for installation distortions or the need for new capacitors.
How to correct power factor
Here are the main options for correcting power factor:
High voltage energy correction at entry
Power factor can be adjusted according to utility company guidance, but it’s a costly measure that doesn’t eliminate 100% of internal installation problems.
Low voltage energy correction at entry
This is done by installing automatic capacitor banks. It’s a more effective measure than the previous one and is widely used in installations with a large number of loads with different nominal powers and low usage regimes.
Localized power factor correction
Also done through the effective and safe installation of a capacitor bank, localized correction occurs directly on the equipment. Key advantages include reduced energy loss, decreased load on all supply circuits, and reactive power generation specifically at one point.
Mixed power factor correction
Considered the best alternative for power factor correction, this technique is comprehensive in terms of energy conservation. It’s achieved by installing a capacitor on the secondary side of the transformer in smaller motors close to 10hp and also at the entry of private lighting networks using discharge lamps with low power factor ballasts.
