Energy transition: what it is, importance, Brazil’s case, and challenges

The energy transition is the gradual process of replacing fossil fuels with renewable sources, aiming to decarbonize the global economy. Its objectives include reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting distributed generation, and fostering technological innovation. Its importance encompasses environmental aspects (combating climate change), economic aspects (energy security and creation of green jobs), and social aspects (improving air quality). Brazil holds a privileged position with a clean electricity matrix (80% renewable) and enormous potential in solar, wind, and biomass. The main challenges are the intermittency of renewable sources, the need for transmission and storage infrastructure, and the decarbonization of final consumption sectors. The transition positions Brazil as a promising destination for global investments, promoting regional development and the creation of green jobs.